For the EP by Nerina Pallot, see. Buckminster Fuller Born Richard Buckminster Fuller ( 1895-07-12)July 12, 1895, United States Died July 1, 1983 ( 1983-07-01) (aged 87) Los Angeles, United States Education (expelled) Occupation Designer, author, inventor Spouse(s) Anne Hewlett ( m. 1917) Children Richard Buckminster ' Bucky' Fuller (; July 12, 1895 – July 1, 1983) was an American, author, designer, and inventor.

1. Buckminster Fuller Books
2. Buckminster Fuller Architecture
3. Buckminster Fuller Written Works

Fuller published more than 30 books, coining or popularizing terms such as ', and. He also developed numerous inventions, mainly architectural designs, and popularized the widely known.

Carbon molecules known as were later named by scientists for their structural and mathematical resemblance to geodesic spheres. Fuller was the second World President of from 1974 to 1983. Guinea Pig B: I AM NOW CLOSE TO 88 and I am confident that the only thing important about me is that I am an average healthy human. I am also a living case history of a thoroughly documented, half-century, search-and-research project designed to discover what, if anything, an unknown, moneyless individual, with a dependent wife and newborn child, might be able to do effectively on behalf of all humanity that could not be accomplished by great nations, great religions or private enterprise, no matter how rich or powerfully armed.

— Bucky Fuller, 1983. In Carbondale International recognition began with the success of huge during the 1950s. Fuller lectured at in Raleigh in 1949, where he met James Fitzgibbon, who would become a close friend and colleague. Fitzgibbon was director of Geodesics, Inc. And Synergetics, Inc. The first licensees to design geodesic domes.

Howard was lead designer, architect and engineer for both companies. Fuller began working with architect in 1954, and in 1964 they co-founded the architectural firm Fuller & Sadao Inc., whose first project was to design the large for the at in. This building is now the '. From 1959 to 1970, Fuller taught at (SIU).

Beginning as an assistant professor, he gained full professorship in 1968, in the School of Art and Design. Working as a designer, scientist, developer, and writer, he lectured for many years around the world. He collaborated at SIU with the designer. In 1965, Fuller inaugurated the World Design Science Decade (1965 to 1975) at the meeting of the in Paris, which was, in his own words, devoted to 'applying the principles of science to solving the problems of humanity.' Later in his SIU tenure, Fuller was also a visiting professor at, where he designed the dome for the campus Religious Center. Fuller believed human societies would soon rely mainly on renewable sources of energy, such as solar- and wind-derived electricity. He hoped for an age of 'omni-successful education and sustenance of all humanity.'

Fuller referred to himself as 'the property of universe' and during one radio interview he gave later in life, declared himself and his work 'the property of all humanity'. For his lifetime of work, the named him the 1969 Humanist of the Year. In 1976, Fuller was a key participant at, the first UN forum on human settlements.

Honors Fuller was awarded 28 United States patents and many honorary doctorates. In 1960, he was awarded the from.

Fuller was elected as an honorary member of in 1967, on the occasion of the 50th year reunion of his Harvard class of 1917 (from which he was expelled in his first year). He was elected a Fellow of the in 1968.

Buckminster Fuller Books

In 1968 he was elected into the as an Associate member, and became a full Academician in 1970. In 1970 he received the award from the. In 1976, he received the from the Library Associates. He also received numerous other awards, including the presented to him on February 23, 1983, by President. A geodesic sphere The geodesic dome Fuller was most famous for his –, which have been used as parts of military radar stations, civic buildings, environmental protest camps and exhibition attractions. An examination of the geodesic design by for the, built some 20 years prior to Fuller's work, reveals that Fuller's Geodesic Dome patent (U.S.

2,682,235; awarded in 1954), follows the same design as Bauersfeld's. Their construction is based on extending some basic principles to build simple ' structures (tetrahedron, and the closest packing of spheres), making them lightweight and stable. The geodesic dome was a result of Fuller's exploration of nature's constructing principles to find design solutions. The Fuller Dome is referenced in the -winning novel by, in which a geodesic dome is said to cover the entire island of, and it floats on air due to the hot-air balloon effect of the large air-mass under the dome (and perhaps its construction of lightweight materials). Transportation.

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The Omni-Media-Transport: With such a vehicle at our disposal, Fuller felt that human travel, like that of birds, would no longer be confined to airports, roads, and other bureaucratic boundaries, and that autonomous free-thinking human beings could live and prosper wherever they chose. Sieden, Bucky Fuller's Universe, 2000 To his young daughter Allegra: Fuller described the Dymaxion as a ' zoom-mobile, explaining that it could hop off the road at will, fly about, then, as deftly as a bird, settle back into a place in traffic.' The Dymaxion car, c.1933, artist shown entering the car, carrying coat The was a vehicle designed by Fuller, featured prominently at Chicago's 1933-1934 World's Fair.

During the, Fuller formed the Dymaxion Corporation and built three prototypes with noted naval architect and a team of 27 workmen — using donated money as well as a family inheritance. Fuller associated the word Dymaxion with much of his work, a of the words dynamic, maximum, and tens ion to sum up the goal of his study, 'maximum gain of advantage from minimal energy input.' The Dymaxion was not an automobile per se, but rather the 'ground-taxying mode' of a vehicle that might one day be designed to fly, land and drive — an 'Omni-Medium Transport' for air, land and water. Fuller focused on the landing and taxiing qualities, and noted severe limitations in its handling. The team made constant improvements and refinements to the platform, and Fuller noted the Dymaxion 'was an invention that could not be made available to the general public without considerable improvements.' The bodywork was aerodynamically designed for increased fuel efficiency and speed as well as light weight, and its featured a lightweight cromoly-steel hinged chassis, rear-mounted V8 engine, front-drive and three-wheels. The vehicle was steered via the third wheel at the rear, capable of 90°.

Thus able to steer in a tight circle, the Dymaxion often caused a sensation, bringing nearby traffic to a halt. Shortly after launch, a prototype crashed after being hit by another car, killing the Dymaxion's driver. The other car was driven by a local politician and was illegally removed from the accident scene, leaving reporters who arrived subsequently to blame the Dymaxion's unconventional design — though investigations exonerated the prototype. Fuller would himself later crash another prototype with his young daughter aboard.

Despite courting the interest of important figures from the auto industry, Fuller used his family inheritance to finish the second and third prototypes — eventually selling all three, dissolving Dymaxion Corporation and maintaining the Dymaxion was never intended as a commercial venture. One of the three original prototypes survives.

A Dymaxion house at Fuller's energy-efficient and inexpensive garnered much interest, but only two prototypes were ever produced. Here the term 'Dymaxion' is used in effect to signify a 'radically strong and light tensegrity structure'. One of Fuller's Dymaxion Houses is on display as a permanent exhibit at the in. Designed and developed during the mid-1940s, this prototype is a round structure (not a dome), shaped something like the flattened 'bell' of certain jellyfish.

Buckminster Fuller Architecture

It has several innovative features, including revolving dresser drawers, and a fine-mist shower that reduces water consumption. According to Fuller biographer Steve Crooks, the house was designed to be delivered in two cylindrical packages, with interior color panels available at local dealers. A circular structure at the top of the house was designed to rotate around a central mast to use natural winds for cooling and air circulation. Conceived nearly two decades earlier, and developed in, the house was designed to be lightweight, adapted to windy climates, cheap to produce and easy to assemble. Because of its light weight and portability, the Dymaxion House was intended to be the ideal housing for individuals and families who wanted the option of easy mobility.

The design included a 'Go-Ahead-With-Life Room' stocked with maps, charts, and helpful tools for travel 'through time and space.' It was to be produced using factories, workers, and technologies that had produced World War II aircraft. It looked ultramodern at the time, built of metal, and sheathed in polished aluminum. The basic model enclosed 90 m 2 (970 sq ft) of floor area. Due to publicity, there were many orders during the early Post-War years, but the company that Fuller and others had formed to produce the houses failed due to management problems.

In 1967, Fuller developed a concept for an offshore floating city named and published a report on the design the following year. Models of the city aroused the interest of President who, after leaving office, had them placed in the. In 1969, Fuller began the Otisco Project, named after its location in. The project developed and demonstrated concrete spray with mesh-covered wireforms for producing large-scale, load-bearing spanning structures built on-site, without the use of pouring molds, other adjacent surfaces or hoisting. The initial method used a circular concrete footing in which anchor posts were set.

Tubes cut to length and with ends flattened were then bolted together to form a duodeca-rhombicahedron (22-sided hemisphere) geodesic structure with spans ranging to 60 feet (18 m). The form was then draped with layers of ¼-inch wire mesh attached by twist ties. Concrete was sprayed onto the structure, building up a solid layer which, when cured, would support additional concrete to be added by a variety of traditional means.

Fuller referred to these buildings as monolithic ferroconcrete geodesic domes. However, the tubular frame form proved problematic for setting windows and doors.

It was replaced by an iron set vertically in the concrete footing and then bent inward and welded in place to create the dome's wireform structure and performed satisfactorily. Domes up to three stories tall built with this method proved to be remarkably strong. Other shapes such as cones, pyramids and arches proved equally adaptable. The project was enabled by a grant underwritten by and sponsored by (rebar), the Johnson Wire Corp, (mesh) and Portland Cement Company (concrete). The ability to build large complex load bearing concrete spanning structures in free space would open many possibilities in architecture, and is considered as one of Fuller's greatest contributions. Dymaxion map and World Game Fuller, along with co-cartographer, also designed an alternative projection map, called the. This was designed to show Earth's continents with minimum distortion when projected or printed on a flat surface.

Buckminster Fuller Written Works

In the 1960s, Fuller developed the, a collaborative simulation game played on a 70-by-35-foot Dymaxion map, in which players attempt to solve world problems. The object of the simulation game is, in Fuller's words, to “make the world work, for 100% of humanity, in the shortest possible time, through spontaneous cooperation, without ecological offense or the disadvantage of anyone.” Appearance and style Buckminster Fuller wore thick-lensed to correct his extreme, a condition that went undiagnosed for the first five years of his life. Fuller's hearing was damaged during his Naval service in World War I and deteriorated during the 1960s.